數控機(ji)床(chuang)排(pai)屑裝置(zhi)問題處理
排屑(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)系統(tong)是數(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床的(de)*附屬裝(zhuang)置，其作用是通過(guo)轉動機(ji)(ji)構(gou)迅(xun)速、有效地(di)將切屑(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)從加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)區域排出，以確保(bao)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床正常加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。目(mu)前，用于(yu)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床的(de)自(zi)動排屑(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)裝(zhuang)置常用的(de)有平板(ban)(ban)鏈(lian)式(shi)(shi)排屑(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)、刮板(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)排屑(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)和螺(luo)旋式(shi)(shi)排屑(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)等(deng)(deng)。現(xian)場數(shu)控(kong)(kong)車床采用的(de)是平板(ban)(ban)鏈(lian)式(shi)(shi)排屑(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)裝(zhuang)置。該裝(zhuang)置傳送(song)(song)帶由冷(leng)軋鋼板(ban)(ban)經(jing)沖壓而成．機(ji)(ji)械強度大，鏈(lian)板(ban)(ban)經(jing)鍍鋅處理，不(bu)生(sheng)銹，耐酸堿冷(leng)卻液的(de)腐蝕，主要用于(yu)干(gan)式(shi)(shi)或濕式(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中各種團狀(zhuang)、卷狀(zhuang)、條狀(zhuang)、塊狀(zhuang)切屑(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)收(shou)集與(yu)輸送(song)(song)，不(bu)適合(he)粉末狀(zhuang)切屑(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)。由于(yu)裝(zhuang)置的(de)系列化(hua)、標準化(hua)程(cheng)度高。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作時運行平穩(wen)，輸送(song)(song)效率高，輸送(song)(song)速度選擇范圍大，并(bing)配有過(guo)載保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置，安全可靠，因(yin)而廣(guang)泛用于(yu)組合(he)機(ji)(ji)床、數(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中心、專業化(hua)機(ji)(ji)床等(deng)(deng)流水自(zi)動線的(de)切屑(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)運輸等(deng)(deng)。
由(you)于數(shu)(shu)控系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)都具(ju)備(bei)自診斷(duan)功(gong)(gong)能，當(dang)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)通電后(hou)，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內部自動運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)自診斷(duan)功(gong)(gong)能，分別對系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中zui主(zhu)要的硬件(jian)及控制軟件(jian)(如裝置中CPU、RAM、ROM 等芯片(pian)，MDI、CRT、I／O板等零部件(jian))進行(xing)(xing)逐一檢(jian)測，且在系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)顯示(shi)屏上(shang)顯示(shi)出zui終檢(jian)測結果，一旦系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)經(jing)自診斷(duan)功(gong)(gong)能檢(jian)測未通過，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)將無(wu)法正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)。此時顯示(shi)屏上(shang)則會(hui)顯示(shi)報(bao)警(jing)信息、報(bao)警(jing)號及故障(zhang)發生(sheng)的部位。只有(you)(you)當(dang)數(shu)(shu)控機(ji)(ji)床全部開(kai)(kai)機(ji)(ji)經(jing)自診斷(duan)項目均檢(jian)測通過后(hou)，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)才能進入正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)準備(bei)狀態，機(ji)(ji)床方可啟動運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。但(dan)(dan)有(you)(you)的故障(zhang)無(wu)報(bao)警(jing)顯示(shi)，現場(chang)數(shu)(shu)控車(che)床其排屑(xie)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)沒有(you)(you)報(bao)警(jing)顯示(shi)也(ye)沒有(you)(you)報(bao)警(jing)號．按下(xia)排屑(xie)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)控制開(kai)(kai)關，排屑(xie)電動機(ji)(ji)不工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，但(dan)(dan)機(ji)(ji)床其它部分運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)。
數控車床排屑系統(tong)出(chu)現(xian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)后(hou)(hou)，對故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)進行了分析(xi)診斷(duan)：一(yi)是(shi)對故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)原因(yin)(yin)做了充分調查，仔(zi)細(xi)詢問操(cao)作者(zhe)，了解出(chu)現(xian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)全過(guo)程，并(bing)對故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)現(xian)場做細(xi)致的(de)勘測；二是(shi)認真分析(xi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)原因(yin)(yin)，先排除(chu)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，然后(hou)(hou)再排除(chu)電(dian)氣方(fang)面的(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)；三是(shi)在分析(xi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)起因(yin)(yin)時，無論是(shi)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分，還是(shi)系統(tong)電(dian)氣控制部(bu)(bu)(bu)分，只要有(you)可能(neng)引起該故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)原因(yin)(yin)，都盡(jin)可能(neng)全面地(di)一(yi)一(yi)列出(chu)來，根據所(suo)掌握的(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)信息，明(ming)確(que)(que)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)復雜程度．對所(suo)列的(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)原因(yin)(yin)進行綜合(he)判(pan)斷(duan)和優(you)化選(xuan)擇，確(que)(que)定zui有(you)可能(neng)產生排屑系統(tong)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)的(de)疑點(dian)。
依據上(shang)述分(fen)析診斷，判斷故障可能由排(pai)屑(xie)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)損壞或(huo)排(pai)屑(xie)機(ji)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)線路控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)部分(fen)造成的(de)。先拆下電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)，經檢測，排(pai)屑(xie)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)各(ge)相繞組絕緣沒損壞，阻(zu)值均相等，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)也無異常氣(qi)味，單獨給排(pai)屑(xie)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)通上(shang)電(dian)(dian)源．電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)也能正常運轉，表(biao)明電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)完好(hao)。然后(hou)把問(wen)題轉移(yi)到排(pai)屑(xie)機(ji)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)線路控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)部分(fen)，進行仔細(xi)檢查。
以排(pai)(pai)屑輸(shu)送機電氣(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)原理圖(tu)為(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎對(dui)其故障(zhang)原因作進一步分(fen)析。從排(pai)(pai)屑系(xi)統(tong)(tong)所使用的(de)元(yuan)器件(jian)(jian)類型上分(fen)析， 排(pai)(pai)屑系(xi)統(tong)(tong)電氣(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)故障(zhang)通常分(fen)為(wei)(wei)“弱(ruo)電”故障(zhang)和“強電”故障(zhang)兩大類。“弱(ruo)電”部分(fen)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)表現(xian)在排(pai)(pai)屑控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)以電子(zi)元(yuan)器件(jian)(jian)、集成電路(lu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)部分(fen)及(ji)(ji)(ji)數控(kong)機床主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)PLC 的(de)輸(shu)入輸(shu)出(chu)單(dan)元(yuan)等(deng)。“強電”部分(fen)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)表現(xian)在排(pai)(pai)屑控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)回路(lu)或高壓、大功率控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)回路(lu)中(zhong)的(de)繼電器、接觸器及(ji)(ji)(ji)開關(guan)等(deng)電氣(qi)元(yuan)器件(jian)(jian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其所組成的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電路(lu)。
從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣控(kong)(kong)制原理圖中(zhong)可以看出， 排屑(xie)系(xi)統(tong)輸(shu)送(song)機(ji)主要是(shi)由數(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床主系(xi)統(tong)PLC及(ji)內部(bu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)、排屑(xie)輸(shu)送(song)機(ji)輸(shu)入芯片和(he)外部(bu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)等(deng)部(bu)件對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)的正(zheng)轉(zhuan)、停止、反轉(zhuan)進行(xing)控(kong)(kong)制。“強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”部(bu)分經檢查屬(shu)正(zheng)常，于是(shi)對“弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”部(bu)分利用現有(you)的萬用表、示波器(qi)等(deng)測量工具，采(cai)用逐步試驗排查方(fang)法對PLC 內部(bu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)、排屑(xie)輸(shu)送(song)機(ji)輸(shu)入芯片、外部(bu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)接頭及(ji)線圈等(deng)元(yuan)器(qi)件進行(xing)逐級(ji)排查，經認真排查分析。診斷出該故障(zhang)是(shi)由排屑(xie)輸(shu)送(song)機(ji)輸(shu)入芯片已(yi)損壞(huai)造(zao)成了(le)排屑(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)不(bu)能工作。
0535-6029680
0535-6029680
